Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Cervical Cancer, Mouse Models, Oncogenes, Cervical Cancer Prevention, Estrogens, Cancer, Cancer Cells, Immunohistochemistry, Cancer Biology
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause various human cancers including those in uterine cervix and head/neck. The tumorigenic potential of HPV mainly stems from viral oncogenes E6 and E7, which inactivate p53 and pRb, respectively. Evidence indicates that steroid hormones regulate expression of E6 and E7, which may have implication in HPV-induced carcinogenesis. Studies using the HPV transgenic mice expressing E6 and E7 have demonstrated that HPV is not sufficient and other cofactors are required for HPV-associated cancers. Specifically, estrogen and its receptor ERalpha are required for the development of cervical cancer in the HPV transgenic mice. We also demonstrated that progesterone and its receptor inhibit cervical cancer. It is important to note that these effects are independent of their potential to regulate expression of E6 and E7. One of our research goals is to understand a molecular mechanism by which ERalpha and progesterone receptor modulate cervical cancer using HPV transgenic mouse model and orthotopic xenograft mouse model. We recently established a novel HPV transgenic mouse expressing E6/E7 and luciferase reporter under the control of HPV enhancer/promoter. This new mouse model will be useful to study a mechanism by which hormone receptors regulate expression of HPV oncogenes in vivo. We also explore a role of nuclear receptors in head and neck cancer using these unique mouse models. We anticipate that our studies will not only shed new light on pathogenesis of HPV-associated cancers but also identify therapeutic targets for such cancers.
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